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Table of Contents
Topic
Why We Wrote This Report
How This Report Is Organized
Past Research on the Interpreting Market
Interpreting Viewed within the Global Language Services Market
Data
How We Collected and Analyzed the Data for This Report
Terminology Used to Identify Stakeholders in This Report
A Note about the Data Presented in This Report
Major Findings from Our Survey of Interpreters
The Languages and Demographics of Interpreters in North
America
An Overview of Interpreter Education and Training
How North American Interpreters Are Compensated
Views from Interpreters on Other Issues
Major Findings from Our Survey of Suppliers
Supplier Pricing, Compensation, and Employment Issues
Supplier Views on Education and Training
Supplier Views on Other Issues
Major Findings from Our Survey of Buyers
Vox Populi
Interpreters Just Want a Little Respect for Their Profession
The Ongoing Struggle for Increased Professionalization
Despite Challenges, Interpreters Praise Their Profession
Implications
Acknowledgments
Figures
Figure 1: Percentages of Interpreters for Signed and Spoken Languages
Figure 2: Female Interpreters Outnumber Males by More than
Three to One
Figure 3: Length of Interpreting Experience of Interpreters in
North America
Figure 4: Country Distribution of Interpreter Survey Respondents
Figure 5: Locations of Interpreter Respondents Based in the
United States
Figure 6: Locations of Interpreter Respondents Based in Canada
Figure 7: Locations of Interpreter Respondents Based in Mexico
Figure 8: The Majority of Interpreters in North America Live in
Urban Settings
Figure 9: North American Interpreters Work Here, There, and
Everywhere
Figure 10: Interpreters Report Having Worked in a Vast Array of
Settings
Figure 11: Most Interpreters Work in Health Care and Legal
Settings
Figure 12: Simultaneous Interpreting is the Most Commonly
Employed Mode
Figure 13: Frequency of Interpretation Delivery Method
Figure 14: Most Interpreters Also Work as Translators
Figure 15: Most Interpreters Received Education within North
America
Figure 16: College Education is Commonplace for North American
Interpreters
Figure 17: Many Interpreters Receive Training at Professional
Conferences
Figure 18: Diverse Interpreter Certification Programs Exist in
North America
Figure 19: Very Few Interpreters Are Certified in Remote
Interpreting
Figure 20: More than One in Ten Interpreters Are Certified by
Vendors
Figure 21: North American Interpreters Work in Diverse
Employment Situations
Figure 22: Interpreter Preferences Regarding Freelance and
Full-Time Work
Figure 23: Number of Hours Worked Weekly by Interpreters in
North America
Figure 24: How North American Interpreters Are Compensated for
Their Work
Figure 25: Sources of Income for Interpreters in North America
Figure 26: Annual Income Ranges for North American Interpreters
Figure 27: Interpreter Compensation Varies from One State to
Another
Figure 28: Interpreters in Urban Areas Report Highest Earnings
Figure 29: Interpreters Educated Outside of North America Earn
Less
Figure 30: Female Interpreters Earn Less than Male Counterparts
Figure 31: Average Daily U.S. Conference Interpreter Rates (in
US$)
Figure 32: Average Conference Interpreter Rates for Canada and
Mexico (in US$)
Figure 33: Factors that Negatively Affect Interpreter Income
Potential
Figure 34: Interpreter Views on the Impact of Technology
Figure 35: Frequency of Electronic Resource Use by Interpreters
Figure 36: Interpreter Views on the Impact of Technology
Figure 37: Locations of U.S. Interpreting Agency Respondents
Figure 38: Locations of Canadian Interpreting Agency
Respondents
Figure 39: Locations of Mexican Interpreting Agency Respondents
Figure 40: Geographic Scope of Supplier Service Provision
Figure 41: Supplier Provision of Interpreting Services by
Language Type
Figure 42: Supplier Years of Interpreting Experience
Figure 43: Most Common Industry Sectors Reported by Suppliers
Figure 44: Language Services Offered by Interpreting Suppliers
Figure 45: Employment Relationships between Suppliers and
Interpreters
Figure 46: Supplier Pricing Methodologies for Interpreting
Services
Figure 47: Additional Items for Which Interpreting Companies
Charge Customers
Figure 48: Formal Training Suppliers Require of Interpreters
Figure 49: Interpreting Supplier Ethics and Standards Requirements
Figure 50: Supplier Testing and Training Requirements of
Interpreters
Figure 51: Supplier Provision of Linguistic Resources to
Interpreters
Figure 52: Supplier Provision of Collaboration Possibilities to
Interpreters
Figure 53: Supplier Views of the Role of Technology
Figure 54: Locations of Purchasing Organization Survey
Respondents
Figure 55: Types of Languages for Which Buyers Need
Interpreters
Figure 56: Purchasing Organization Primary Uses for
Interpreting Services
Figure 57: Services Used by Purchasing Organizations
Figure 58: Industry Sectors of Purchasing Organizations
Figure 59: What Buy-Side Organizations Spend on Interpreting
Services
Tables
Table 1: Top Language Combinations Reported by Interpreters in North America
Table 2: Age Ranges of Interpreters in North America
Table 3: Average Time Interpreters Spend Working in Different
Settings
Table 4: The 40 Most Popular North American Interpreting
Associations
Table 5: Three-Year Comparison of Annual Interpreter Earnings
(in US$)
Table 6: Interpreter Earnings by Area of Residence (in US$)
Table 7: Interpreter Earnings by Hours Worked per Week (in US$)
Table 8: Interpreter Earnings by Education Level (in US$)
Table 9: Interpreter Earnings by Education Source (in US$)
Table 10: Interpreter Earnings by Gender (in US$)
Table 11: Interpreter Earnings by Years of Experience (in US$)
Table 12: Interpreter Earnings by Language Type (in US$)
Table 13: Interpreter Earnings by Industry Sector (in US$)
Table 14: Interpreter Earnings by Remote Certification Status
(in US$)
Table 15: Interpreter Earnings by Vendor Certification Status
(in US$)
Table 16: Interpreter Earnings by Daily Rate Charged (in US$)
Table 17: Conference Interpreter Daily Rates by State or
Province (in US$)
Table 18: Ranges of Interpreter Hourly Rates Charged (in US$)
Table 19: Average Percentage of Supplier Interpreting Revenue
by Sector
Table 20: Minimum and Maximum Hourly Interpreting Rates
Table 21: Most Common Interpreter Language Combinations
Requested by Buyers
Table 22: Buyer Views on Future Need for Interpreting Services
Table 23: How Buyers Pay for Interpreting Services
Table 24: Buyer Views on Formal Interpreter Training
Requirements
Table 25: Buyer Views on Impact of Technology on Interpreting
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